He can not read Chinese hence, he cites no primary sources, an existing problem even though the records were all destroyed. However, writers that aim to question many years of established and accepted history should rely less on subjective arguments and more on valid hard, physical evidence. He usually starts the sentences with “I” and uses the phrase “I was certain that…” quite a few times. Secondly, Menzies relies upon and keep reminding the reader of his naval expertise, which gives him insight and understanding that people who are unfamiliar with the sea or sailing may lack. It was thought that those Ming porcelains were brought there by the Spanish, but because of other evidence like the Chinese anchors, Menzies started to doubt that those Ming ceramics came in the Spanish ships. He also said that “…on the coast of California…museum there held substantial quantities of Ming blue and white ceramics”. First, he bases upon supposedly physical evidence dating back to before the arrival of Christopher Columbus, which shows contact between Asia and America, such as the vegetation and animals (Asiatic chickens, camellia rose, maize, sweet potatoes, coconuts) that are indigenous to China but appeared in America, which he insists must have been brought there by humans (the Chinese), wrecks of Chinese ships and medieval Chinese anchors found in California, and DNA evidence that links American Indians to the Chinese.
Therefore, Menzies relies a lot upon the other two types of evidence. Menzies has no piece of incontrovertible evidence that proves his theory because the Confucian officials, who were against people from other countries had advised the later Ming emperors to destroy all records of their sea voyages.
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